Key Takeaways
- Moles can develop at any stage of life due to sun exposure, hormonal changes, and genetics and should be monitored for any changes.
- Sudden changes in a mole’s size, shape, colour, or texture could signal a potential health issue and should be checked by a professional.
- Different types of moles present varying risk factors for skin cancer.
- Regular skin checks using the ABCDE rule can help identify warning signs early and prevent skin cancer.
- Australia’s high UV exposure makes regular self-checks and professional evaluations essential, especially for those at higher risk.
- Early detection through proactive mole checks and sun safety practices is key to maintaining skin health and preventing skin cancer.
Unexpected moles: should you be concerned?
Moles are common skin growths that can develop at any stage of life. Some individuals are born with moles (congenital nevi), which are usually benign and pose no risk, while others may develop them later, known as atypical moles (dysplastic nevi). Moles that appear unexpectedly aren’t necessarily a cause for concern. They form when pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) cluster together, creating raised spots on the skin. Moles can appear anywhere on the body, but they are most common in areas exposed to the sun, such as the arms, neck, and back.
When moles suddenly appear or change colour, shape, or size, it’s natural to wonder why and whether medical attention is necessary. While some changes can be harmless, any sudden or noticeable changes in a mole should be taken seriously. As a general guideline, it is always a good idea to have new moles that appear or change over time checked by a healthcare professional. Early detection of potential issues is key, as it allows for prompt treatment, especially if the mole is at risk of melanoma.
What causes moles to suddenly appear?
Moles that develop later in life can be influenced by various factors. These factors include environmental aspects like sun exposure, hormonal changes within the body, and age-related genetic components. The sudden appearance of new moles may be linked to the following:
Sun exposure and UV radiation
One of the most significant factors contributing to the appearance of new moles is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. UV rays can stimulate the growth of pigment-producing skin cells called melanocytes, leading to the formation of new moles, especially in areas frequently exposed to sunlight. This is why most moles are often found on the face, arms, neck, and back, where the skin is regularly exposed. People who work outdoors are at a higher risk of developing melanoma because they are constantly in the sun, particularly if they do not use sunscreen.
Hormonal changes and age
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during stages of life like puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, can influence mole development. During puberty, hormonal shifts often trigger the appearance of new moles, while pregnancy hormones can cause existing moles to darken or change. Menopause can also bring about changes in the skin, sometimes leading to the development of new moles. These hormonal changes can encourage melanocytes to grow and form moles.
Genetics and skin type
Genetics commonly influence the number and type of moles a person may develop. If your parents had a lot of moles or specific types, such as atypical moles, you may be more prone to developing them. Individuals with fair skin or a tendency to burn easily are likelier to develop moles, as their skin is more sensitive to UV radiation. People with darker skin types may also develop moles, though they tend to have fewer overall.
All these factors can trigger the sudden appearance of new moles by influencing melanocyte activity and how the skin responds to environmental factors. Monitoring these changes and consulting a healthcare professional if moles appear suddenly or change in appearance is important for maintaining skin health.
What causes moles and different types
Moles develop when melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin (the pigment responsible for skin colour), cluster in specific areas. Typically, melanocytes are spread uniformly throughout the skin’s outer layer. However, a pigmented mark forms when these cells come together, commonly known as a mole. Moles can vary in size, shape, colour, and texture, influenced by factors such as the density and placement of melanocytes throughout the body.
Moles present at birth (congenital moles)
Cause: Congenital moles, or birthmarks, develop during development and are usually caused by localised overgrowth of melanocytes. The exact cause isn’t always clear, but genetic factors likely play a significant role.
Appearance: These moles vary in size and can be small, medium, or large. Larger congenital moles may carry a slightly increased risk of developing melanoma (skin cancer) later in life.
Acquired moles
Cause: The causes of these vary. Some examples are a family history of moles appearing suddenly, the amount of skin exposure, and hormonal changes.
Appearance: Acquired moles are consistent in colour, round or oval, and smaller than a pencil eraser.
Atypical moles (dysplastic nevi)
Cause: The causes of these vary. Some examples are a family history of moles appearing suddenly, the amount of skin exposure, and hormonal changes.
Appearance: Acquired moles are consistent in colour, round or oval, and smaller than a pencil eraser.
When to worry about a mole
Most skin moles are harmless and aren’t a reason to panic, but some changes can signal underlying health concerns. Knowing when to monitor and seek medical advice is essential for early detection of potential issues. There are a few warning signs to watch out for during skin checks, including:
- Changes in size, shape, colour, or texture: Sudden growth, irregular shape, or multi-coloured moles can be concerning.
- Bleeding, itching, or pain: Moles that bleed, itch, or hurt should be checked.
- Irregular borders or asymmetry: Uneven edges or asymmetrical moles may signal a problem.
The ABCDE rule
Checking for changes in your moles isn’t always straightforward. While performing a skin check is better than not doing one, the ABCDE rule offers a simple way to remember the key characteristics to watch for:
- Asymmetry: One half doesn’t match the other.
- Border: Irregular, blurred, or uneven edges.
- Colour: Inconsistent shade or unusually dark.
- Diameter: Larger than 6mm.
- Evolution: Any noticeable changes in size, shape, or symptoms.
By staying alert to changes in moles and applying the ABCDE Rule, you can identify warning signs early. Regular skin checks and early medical evaluations for suspicious moles are key to ensuring your skin health and skin cancer prevention.
The importance of regular skin checks in Australia
Australia experiences intense UV radiation, making regular skin checks crucial for detecting skin abnormalities, such as melanoma. Given that it has some of the highest skin cancer rates in the world, keeping an eye on your skin can significantly lessen risks. The Australian Skin Cancer Foundation reports that Australia and New Zealand have the highest rates of melanoma globally, with melanoma being the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in Australia. One in three Australians will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, so regular skin checks should become a routine practice for everyone, whether through self-checks or professional examinations.
Benefits of professional check-ups:
Check-ups conducted by a physician are essential for detecting abnormalities you may not notice during self-checks. Professionals use advanced tools to identify potentially cancerous moles. On Point Skin Cancer uses the latest equipment and technology, such as a dermoscopy, to provide a comprehensive body skin check.
During your skin cancer check, our team will also educate you on sun safety, skin cancers, what to look out for, how frequently you should have your skin checked, and if you are at higher risk for skin cancer.
Encouraging regular checks
Annual skin checks by a professional are particularly important for individuals with:
- High sun exposure due to outdoor activities or occupations.
- Fair skin, freckles, or numerous moles.
- A family history of skin cancer.
Sun safety starts with regular mole checks
Understanding the causes of moles and knowing when to seek further evaluation is essential for maintaining healthy skin. While most moles are harmless, recognising warning signs such as size, shape, or colour changes can help detect potential issues early.
Regular skin checks, self-examinations and professional skin cancer clinic visits are vital for early detection and peace of mind, particularly in Australia’s high-UV climate. Staying vigilant ensures timely intervention and supports long-term skin health.
Protect your skin and protect your health with On Point Skin Cancer
At On Point Skin Cancer Clinic, we prioritise your health and aim to protect you from the harmful effects of skin cancer. Whether you’re noticing changes in your moles, have concerns about recent sun exposure, or simply want a professional mole check, we’re here to offer the care you deserve. Our friendly team is dedicated to supporting you through every step of the process.
Don’t wait until it’s too late—proactive mole checks are your best defence against skin cancer. Visit our blog for more resources, and book your next mole check today.
Together, let’s keep your skin healthy and protected.